Actors usually come before the verb in SVO order, but can be omitted or backgrounded when context is clear.

In basic English clauses, the actor is usually before the verb and can trigger subject-verb agreement.

Events are expressed by uninflected verbs; time and aspect are shown by markers, adverbs, or context.

English events are centered on verbs, often supported by auxiliaries for tense, aspect, voice, or questions.

Direct targets normally follow the verb; specificity is often shown by classifiers, demonstratives, or context.

English usually identifies the affected target by position after the verb, with pronoun case still visible in forms like him and her.

Participants are nouns or pronouns; Vietnamese has no case endings, articles, or grammatical gender, but classifiers matter.

English participants are usually expressed as noun phrases or pronouns, often with articles and number marking.

States often use adjective-like stative predicates without a copula; có marks existence or possession.

English usually requires the verb 'be' for states, locations, existence, and many descriptions.

Identity and classification commonly use là, while some informal or contextual noun predicates may omit it.

English identity and classification commonly use 'be', often with an article before singular count nouns.

Topics are often placed first and followed by a comment; particles and context manage information flow.

English has topic-comment patterns, but ordinary subject-verb-object order is more common than strong topic marking.

Recipients are commonly introduced with cho or expressed by verb choice and word order.

English marks recipients with double-object order or with prepositions such as to and for.

Experiencers are often normal subjects with verbs or stative predicates such as thích, sợ, vui.

English often puts the experiencer as the subject, but some patterns use objects or prepositional phrases.

Means or instrument is commonly marked with bằng; route/medium may use qua or bằng.

English usually expresses instruments with prepositions, especially with.

Time is usually expressed by time words or context, not by tense endings.

English uses time adverbs and prepositions such as at, on, in, for, and since to locate events in time.

Vietnamese has no tense inflection; past/future meanings use markers such as đã, sẽ and time context.

English finite verbs normally show present or past tense; future is usually expressed with auxiliaries or context.