Target / Affected One
Who or what is affected by the event?
Significato
The participant that receives the action, changes, is moved, is created, is consumed, or is otherwise affected.
Come riconoscerlo
Ask what the action hits, changes, moves, creates, or concerns.
Esempi
apple|door|letter|problem|him|Mary
eat an apple|open the door|solve the problem
The girl opened the door.
Visual guide
TARGET / AFFECTED ONE what is affected? Actor -> event -> [Target] girl -> opened -> [door] eat -> [apple] solve -> [problem] = affected/changed thing
Target clues may differ order: girl opened [door] case: [door-ACC] marker: OBJ-[door] clitic: opened-[it] agreement: verb -> door context: door understood role = affected one
Panoramica per lingua
Nella tua lingua madre
Direct objects are usually after the verb; pronoun objects often become clitics.
La ragazza apre la porta.
The girl opens the door.
Nella tua lingua di studio
In inglese il partecipante colpito dall’azione si riconosce di solito dalla posizione dopo il verbo. Nei pronomi resta visibile anche la forma oggetto, come him e her.
The dog bit the man.
the man = il bersaglio colpito dall’azione
Gli studenti possono invertire chi agisce e chi subisce cambiando l’ordine delle parole, oppure aggiungere preposizioni non necessarie dopo verbi che prendono direttamente un oggetto.
Same block, different coding
Both languages use this block strongly, but they signal it differently. Focus on form changes, not only meaning.